Synchronous Distance Learning (SDL) is becoming more and more popular in the academic environment, but comparisons of the effects of this type of learning with those of traditional face-to-face have often been limited to academic performance and satisfaction. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of these two learning modalities on…

In Hong Kong, after-school activities have long been used to foster friendships and to allow students to pursue their interests in an informal setting. This case study reports on a three-phase action research process in which information technology teachers delivered after-school activities focused on artificial intelligence during the COVID-19…

Online discussions have become inherent components of both face-to-face and distance education college courses, yet they often fail to provide much benefit to students' learning outcomes. One reason behind this phenomenon is the lack of or inadequate scaffolding or guidance provided to students when participating on asynchronous discussion boards.…