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The Longitudinal Development of Grammatical Complexity at the Phrasal and Clausal Levels in Spoken and Written Responses to the "TOEFL iBT"® Test. Research Report. ETS RR-19-45
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Gray, Bethany; Geluso, Joe; Nguyen, Phuong – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In the present study, we take a longitudinal, corpus-based perspective to investigate short-term (over 9 months) linguistic change in the language produced for the spoken and written sections of the "TOEFL iBT"® test by a group of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in China. The goal of the study is to identify patterns that…
Descriptors: Grammar, Computer Assisted Testing, Phrase Structure, Language Proficiency
Nominalization versus Clause Usage in CALL Technology-Mediated Acquisition of EFL Learners' Writing Skills
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Pham, Duc Huu – International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments, 2019
To help EFL learners realize the use of nominals and clauses in practicing productive skills of academic writing in English writing tests, experiments have been exploited using the tasks similar to those of internet-based test of English as a foreign language to determine the nominal and clause level information during sentence and paragraph…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Writing Skills, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction