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Han, ZhaoHong, Ed. – Multilingual Matters, 2019
This volume sheds empirical light on Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) by providing five sets of analyses of two longitudinal, interactional datasets, involving two dyads exchanging emails over one academic semester. The collective study on CDST is the first of its kind, in that it delves into multiple subsystems of learner language,…
Descriptors: Profiles, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Systems Approach
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Cardoza, Lenore Firsching – TESOL Journal, 1994
Discusses the merit in having every English-as-a-Second-Language learner speak during every session to practice English as opposed to the value of allowing a period of silence until the student is ready to speak. It is crucial to provide a stimulus for meaningful interaction and to follow up with opportunities for each learner to use an individual…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Classroom Environment, Cognitive Style, Discourse Analysis