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Goodman, Joan F. – Journal of School Psychology, 1977
Poor academic performance can result from single, multiple, interacting, and unknown causes, rather than being an entity with a specific cause and course. It is better to adopt a descriptive approach and define retardation as relative failure on a cluster of socially determined behaviors, varying over cultures and over time. (Author)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Classification, Disability Discrimination, Educational Diagnosis
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Clarizio, Harvey F. – School Psychology Digest, 1979
The administration of intelligence tests to various sociocultural groups is defended against charges that intelligence tests are discriminatory (TM 504 174). The author states that research has shown that intelligence tests are nondiscriminatory and comply with federal law, specifically Public Law 94-142. (MH)
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Culture Fair Tests, Disability Discrimination, Educational Discrimination