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Direct linkSaha, Neena; Cutting, Laurie – Annals of Dyslexia, 2019
Calls for empirical investigations of the Common Core standards (CCSSs) for English Language Arts have been widespread, particularly in the area of text complexity in the primary grades (e.g., Hiebert & Mesmer "Educational Research," 42(1), 44-51, 2013). The CCSSs mention that qualitative methods (such as Fountas and Pinnell) and…
Descriptors: Networks, Meta Analysis, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency
Begeny, John C.; Greene, Diana J. – Psychology in the Schools, 2014
A grade level of reading material is commonly estimated using one or more readability formulas, which purport to measure text difficulty based on specified text characteristics. However, there is limited direction for teachers and publishers regarding which readability formulas (if any) are appropriate indicators of actual text difficulty. Because…
Descriptors: Readability Formulas, Difficulty Level, Reading Fluency, Elementary School Students
