Bullying has been a long-lasting, serious social problem. To effectively prevent bullying, it is essential to examine when different types and roles of violence emerge and what causes them. Current study analyzes the longitudinal panel data set (N = 3942, age ranged 13-18, 51.4% male) to identify student profiles of bullying engagement over time.…

This article explores the vital but often overlooked role of inferencing in early reading comprehension. While foundational decoding skills such as phonological awareness and fluency are essential, reading comprehension depends equally on children's ability to construct meaning beyond the words on the page. Drawing on the "Simple View of…

As digital media consumption becomes an integral part of children's lives, early literacy education must evolve to include foundational contemporary literacy skills. While traditional literacy instruction focuses on reading, writing, and comprehension, young learners also need conceptual knowledge about digital media and literacy before engaging…