In Western countries, community work is often carried out without attention to comparable activities in developing societies. There is a need for collaboration and exchange, and practices must be changed to accommodate them. (JOW)

Explores how experiments in both community development and in community economic development that are based on cooperative education provide fertile ground for research in environmental education. (Author/CCM)

Compares attempts at community development in Nigeria under English and French colonialism with postcolonial grass-roots efforts up to the post-cold war era. Suggests the need to rethink the structure and role of the state in society. (SK)

Making paper becomes a means for overcoming lack of money in a rural community: Students make money and gain scientific knowledge and practice learning skills by implementing paper-making technology. (JH)

Focusing on issues of access to and participation in community media, this report reviews progress so far and analyzes the difficulties that underlie the transfer and adaptation of community communications media in developing countries. The first chapter contains introductory material on the subject of community media and development and describes…

Article describes the results of a study which shows little evidence that formal education stimulates agricultural or industrial development. (Author/MM)

Attempts to discover how and why community development has been used in the past, and to formulate some ideas on prospects for community development in the future. (CT)

Nongovernmental organizations in developing countries tend to depoliticize citizens. They must change their perception of their role, stop portraying themselves as nonaccountable, stop creating community businesses that do not incorporate the market, and admit a role for private industry. (SK)

Despite the newly decentralized local government system in Ghana, communities have been slow to develop broad-based participatory consultative processes for community development. Inflexible bureaucracy also hinders involvement of stakeholders. (SK)

Reviews eight books: "Autonomous Development" (R. Carmen); "Community Power and Grassroots Democracy" (M. Kaufman, H. Alfonso); "Questioning Empowerment" (J. Rowlands); "Seeking a Balance" (A. Fowler); "Funding Community Initiatives" (S. Arrossi et al.); "Whose Voice?" (J. Holland, J.…

Rural women in less-developed nations use fuels that can be toxic and are becoming scarce. Feminist, sociological, and community-development issues were involved in the process of introducing clear-burning fuel, enabling a focus on both the effects on the health of fuel users and concern for ecological sustainability. (SK)

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT HAS BECOME A SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT BY PROVIDING BOTH FOREIGN AID PERSONNEL AND "NEW ELITES" WITH A STRATEGY FOR MAXIMIZING CERTAIN SYSTEM-MAINTENANCE PROCLIVITIES. BUT IT TENDS TO BE UNSUCCESSFUL AS A COMMUNITY MOVEMENT FOR TWO REASONS--(1) IT THREATENS AND IS THREATENED BY INDEPENDENT ENTRON COMMUNITIES (COMPOSED…

A social impact assessment (SIA) should accompany plans for land development in developing nations. An SIA team should maintain an ongoing relationship with the community and attempt to implement recommendations. (KC)

Describes experimental village institutes whose goal was to develop and maintain the village, to help transform it into a modern village so that Turkey's pattern of development would not follow the European model of urbanization. (Author/IRT)

Empowering women and allowing them to provide community leadership in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex society is essential. Offering a sound family science curriculum is one way to facilitate empowerment of women in a developing country. Conceptualizing, planning, and developing strong programs became an opportunity to review existing…