This paper describes two programs in Botswana and Zimbabwe in which manual work forms an integral part of the educational program. It analyzes their objectives and structure and discusses constraints against the background of socioeconomic change in the two countries. Differences are identified and discussed. The first two sections deal separately…

Intended as a tool for non-formal education practitioners and researchers in identifying a range of relatively fugitive material, this bibliography includes 1,779 references to descriptive and analytical materials concerning the use of the performing arts as a medium for education and social change in the Third World. An introductory essay offers…

This community action guide was developed to implement the strategies for the advancement of women developed at the United Nations world conference in Nairobi that ended the Decade for Women in 1985. The guide is intended to: (1) increase understanding and awareness of the existence of the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies for the Advancement of…

Focusing on the experience of one of seven working groups at a theater-for-development workshop in Zimbabwe, this report details the process followed by many groups, and reveals some of the major learnings, dilemmas, contradictions, strengths, and limiting factors found in a practical village-based theater-for-development process. A brief…

Written in non-technical language, this sourcebook identifies plans and books for village and small community technology. It contains reviews of publications from 375 American and foreign sources on agriculture, alternative sources of energy, water supply, health care, housing, and related subjects. Emphasized are small-scale systems using local…

The paper suggests an anthropological framework for new professional conceptualizations of schooling and education which can help to redefine the larger problems of relating education to social and developmental purposes. The focus is upon rural communities since some of the best current research comes from rural settings and is relevant to those…

Problems in the development of educational programs in isolated rural areas are caused primarily by lack of proper resources, enough students to efficiently conduct a quality educational program, and skill and expertise by those persons involved in the development of such a program. Major trends in education for American Indians and for people in…

In the last 20 years, progress has been evident in the increase of enrollment in all stages of education in Asia. Tremendous efforts have been made to provide primary education for the remotest villages in the Asian communities. However, the concept that primary education is a means for fulfilling the obligations of human rights and for making…

Discusses the use of video and local television for community development in developing nations, taken from his report, "Television for Development: The African Experience." Highlights include the use of media by untrained people, the importance of communication, the need for political support, and the advantages and disadvantages of…

This manual describes an approach to training provided by the Peace Corps that is known as community-based or Fully Integrated Training (FIT). FIT is a decentralized training program, in which trainees are divided into small groups and placed in separate communities for the duration of the preservice training program. The main part of the manual…

Defining development as some combination of improving the standard of living and quality of life, meeting basic needs, and increasing per capita gross national product, this article discusses the role science and technology can play in developing countries. Considers technology transfer, appropriate technology, and other issues. (JN)

Examples of new environmental education strategies in developing countries are provided including, among others, programs which stress that properly-conceived development should include respect for the local environment and research projects helping villagers define what is meant by development. Provides an example of the use of television in the…

Describes and evaluates a project undertaken to reform teacher training in Sri Lanka so that it would be more focused toward community development. Major successes of the program were that it helped educators understand the potential resources available at the village level and encouraged them to stress multi-disciplinary approaches toward…

The paper documents and analyzes the nature of community self-help efforts in rural areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. It notes that community perceptions of development are based on a social and economic yardstick and differ from the prevailing public policy on agricultural development. (Author/SB)

Discusses three simulation games focusing on social and economic interaction that can be used to enhance understanding and sensitivity in development studies training: the Green Revolution Game (rural development in India), Exaction (a whole national society game commissioned by the World Bank), and Africulture (a new game about labor-scarce…