This paper describes a system of built-in, or internal, evaluation used within the Botswana National Literacy Program (NLP). Launched in 1981 and targeted toward illiterate adults and youth aged 10 years and older, the program aims at eradicating illiteracy in Botswana by 1986. The built-in evaluation was implemented in 1983, using program…

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), also known as the World Bank, has actively assisted in the development and improvement of educational facilities and systems in developing countries. A two-phase study was undertaken to improve the evaluation of World Bank projects. This report is an outgrowth of the first phase…

The purpose of this article is to present a case of national achievement assessment at the primary level within a formative approach. Many countries experience an increasing obligation to attach high stakes to national assessments, which results in greater pressure on teachers and schools. The author's view is that this kind of approach is…