A local program survey of 95 directors of gifted education examined elements of programing related to the modification of the learning environment, including instructional time, teacher-pupil ratio, additional personnel requirements, and estimates of the excess program costs. Three common models were considered: the special class, teacher…

Third through sixth graders (n=4,514) scoring at or above the 95th percentile on standardized achievement tests reported on their educational experiences. Although 40% of students were in pull-out programs, 37% were not receiving any special programming. Gender, grade level, and type of school (public vs. private/parochial) explained little of the…