Discussion of whether the Japanese copula can adequately be described as a dummy, i.e., as an element which although existing in the surface structure can be dispensed with in the deep structure of a sentence; based on a paper read at the 1970 meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, Prague, Czechoslovakia. (RS)

Examines certain surface differences between Black English and Standard English and concludes that, with some minor exceptions, the underlying correspondences are identical. (FB)

This paper concludes that there is evidence in favor of handling the derived nominals of Predicate AP's with a lexicalist theory, in conjunction with a base schema of the form (1)-(2). The transformation NP-Postposing is proposed to explain variations. (Available from North-Holland Publishing Co., P. O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.) (CHK)

Problems of number inconsistency are discussed which arise in Italian when singular distributive quantifiers float rightward off of subjects, leaving these subjects plural. (Author/RM)

A set of rules is given generating those temporal clauses in English whose sources are sentences embedded in the adverbial position by means of relativization. See FL 508 197 for availability. (Author/RM)

It is asserted that the treatment of intonation within the framework of generative grammar has not shown whether surface syntactic structure is sufficient for formulation of phonological rules. An attempt is made to demonstrate that within English phonology reference to deep structure is necessary. (Available from: See FL 508 214). (RM)

Two aspects of definite and indefinite noun phrases in Spanish grammar are discussed here: specificity, marked by the mood of restrictive relative clauses, and existential import, deriving from the linguistic environment. Differences between referential and attributive descriptions are explained. (CK)

This paper offers a functional explanation for the existence and for the special properties of movement rules in natural languages. The hypothesis is advanced that raising, lowering, and fronting rules all serve the function of increasing the prominence of objective content in surface structure. (CK)

Most linguistic theory is analytic in that it begins with a complex unit and breaks it down into components. Criticisms of analytic linguistics are made, and a synthetic approach is proposed which begins with atomic components of language and rules for grouping them into more complex units. (RM)