A decade ago, Bechara et al. [Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. "Cognition, 50," 7-15] published a paper in Cognition, introducing a Gambling Task which was designed to mimic everyday decision-making. Since then, the task has been…

This monograph provides some suggestions for school administrators -- principals, assistant principals, superintendents, and their management teams -- to enable them to understand their own attitudes and behaviors regarding their use of time, recognize the practices which most effectively use time well, incorporate sound principles of time…

Planning the menu for a dinner party, which involves problem-solving with a large body of knowledge, is used to study the daily operation of human memory. Verbal protocol analysis, a technique devised to investigate formal problem-solving, is examined theoretically and adapted for analysis of this task. (Author/MV)

Corporate and educational settings increasingly require decision making, problem solving and other complex cognitive skills to handle ill-structured, or heuristic, tasks, but the growing need for heuristic task expertise has outpaced the refinement of task analysis methods for heuristic expertise. The Heuristic Task Analysis (HTA) Method was…

Methods for examining the processes being utilized in meetings and evaluating them to increase the effectiveness of organizations are described. (AJ)

Hierarchical task analysis (HTA), which requires description of a task in terms of a hierarchy of operations and plans, is reviewed and examined as a basis for making training decisions. Benefits of HTA in terms of economy of analysis and as a means of accounting for complex performance are outlined. (Author/MBR)

Presents a problem-solving model for outdoor group leaders. Describes assessment, analytical and creative phases of the model, and emphasizes the importance of experience-based judgment. Discusses ways of providing experiential problem-solving opportunities in outdoor leadership preparation programs. (SV)

Examines the functional characteristics of intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI), proposes a structural model that defines expertise requirements for the development of an ICAI system, and discusses the requirements of a multidisciplinary cooperative effort for its development. Knowledge acquisition, learning needs, and instructional…

Introduces the Cognitive-Motivational Model of Decision Satisfaction that extends work on closure and the motivational aspects of instruction and learning. Recognizes the importance of information processing in judgmental tasks and specifies confidence as a major contributing factor to learning satisfaction. Suggests potential applications to…

The extent to which learners conform to the structure, aims and linguistic demands of a task is often seen as the responsibility of the materials writer and/or teacher. Given a logical rubric, well-designed task and clear classroom instructions, it is often assumed that the task will be approached as intended. When a task is enacted differently,…

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in stimulus-reinforcement learning and reward-guided selection of actions. Here we conducted a series of experiments to further elucidate the role of the ACC in instrumental behavior involving effort-based decision-making and instrumental learning guided by reward-predictive stimuli. In…

This text introduces to the general reader the principal types of organizations providing recreation, park, and leisure services, and the roles that these organizations play in modern society. In addition, issues affecting the decision-making processes of such agencies are examined. The material is divided into two broad sections. Section I,…

THESE GUIDELINES REPRESENT A TEXTBOOK FOR INSTRUCTION IN THREE PHASES OF TRAINING SITUATION ANALYSIS (TSA), A STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE DEVELOPED BY THE NAVAL TRAINING DEVICE CENTER FOR SYSTEMATICALLY GATHERING AND INTERPRETING THE INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE PLANNING OF TRAINING AND TRAINING DEVICES. THREE PHASES OF TSA ARE DESCRIBED IN…

The decision making process of 16 superintendents in choosing among alternative instructional programs for special education students was studied. The additive and linear additive composition models were investigated for consistency with the decision process of the superintendents. Although the results support the existence of both models, the…

Describes the components of a program designed to strengthen ethical behavior relative to corporate policy. The topics covered include the identification of ethical standards and the skills related to those standards, the use of job aids, performance testing using case studies to simulate the application environment, and trainer tools. (CLB)