States serve as the central authority in higher education oversight, playing a critical role in consumer protection and quality assurance within the regulatory triad and as an independent regulatory entity. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the components of renewal processes, how agencies implement them in practice, and the practical and capacity challenges these agencies face. To address this, we developed a systematic 50-state inventory and conducted interviews with 24 staff members to evaluate state reauthorization processes. We examined agency capacity and the stringency of processes using accountability metrics across reauthorization and reporting, supported by insights from the interviews. This analysis revealed significant variation in governance structures and the approaches state regulators use to make sense of their roles and maintain continuous oversight and regulation. It also highlighted discrepancies between formal laws, regulations, and applications and what occurs in practice. Despite limited capacity among most agencies, we identified several states employing noteworthy strategies, such as leveraging robust data systems, other state actors and intermediary networks, consultants, and other resources, to enhance their regulatory effectiveness.