An iterative procedure to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of latent structure analysis parameters is described. The procedure is defended against a critic (EJ 187 975) who contended that it would permit unacceptable estimates. (JKS)

Factor analysis, image analysis, and principal component analysis are compared with respect to the factor patterns they would produce under various conditions. The general conclusion that is reached is that the three methods produce results that are equivalent. (Author/JKS)

Three alternative estimation procedures for factor analysis based on the instrumental variables method are presented. Least squares estimation procedures are compared to maximum likelihood procedures. The conclusion, based on the data used in this study, is that two of the procedures seem to work well. (Author/JKS)

This study examines the application of the marginal maximum likelihood (MML) EM algorithm to the parameter estimation problem of the three-parameter normal ogive and logistic polychotomous item response models. A three-parameter normal ogive model, the Graded Response model, has been developed on the basis of Samejima's two-parameter graded…