Computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) are powerful tools to support student learning. Increasingly of interest is the data that is recorded as learners interact with a CBLE. This "process data" yields opportunities for researchers to examine learners' engagement with a CBLE and explore whether specific interactions are associated…

A measure of similarity of educational items has many applications in adaptive learning systems and can be useful also for teachers and content creators. We provide a thorough overview of approaches for measuring item similarity. We document the computation pipeline, explicitly highlighting many choices that have to be made in order to quantify…

We study learning outcome prediction for online courses. Whereas prior work has focused on semester-long courses with frequent student assessments, we focus on short-courses that have single outcomes assigned by instructors at the end. The lack of performance data and generally small enrollments makes the behavior of learners, captured as they…