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Direct linkReyes, Jessica Wolpaw – Harvard Educational Review, 2015
In this article, Jessica Wolpaw Reyes investigates the link between lead exposure and student achievement in Massachusetts. Childhood exposure to even low levels of lead can adversely affect neurodevelopment, behavior, and cognitive performance. Using a panel dataset of cohorts of children born in the 1990s who were third and fourth graders in the…
Descriptors: Poisoning, Early Experience, Investigations, Academic Achievement
Warren, John Robert; Saliba, Jim – Educational Researcher, 2012
How many students repeat a grade each year? How do retention rates vary across states and over time? Despite extensive research on the predictors and consequences of grade retention, there is no systematic way to quantify state-level retention rates; even national estimates rely on imperfect proxy measures. We present a conceptually simple…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, School Holding Power, Public Education, National Surveys
