What's the difference between accommodations and modifications, and why does the distinction matter? In this article, professor Lee Ann Jung explains that accommodations "provide access to the general curriculum but do not fundamentally alter the learning goal or grade level standard." For instance, if the purpose of an assessment is to…

The present paper discusses issues related to inclusive education and curricula development based on the principles of universal design for learning (UDL), and it reports on the results of a qualitative content analysis of the new national curriculum (NNC) developed for the public Greek-Cypriot schools in Cyprus. According to the findings, the NNC…

The purpose of this qualitative study was three-fold. First, the purpose was to identify instructional strategies implemented by a virtual public high school to serve students with disabilities. Second, the purpose of this study was to show how the curriculum for students with disabilities developed in a virtual public school in a southeastern…

Based on a major research project (the InterActive Project), this book explores and illustrates how digital technologies can transform learning across the curriculum. Using a wide range of educational settings--primary, secondary, school and home--it will help practitioners think about, plan and execute effective learning in their classrooms and…

As stipulated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004, preschool children are provided with access to the general education curriculum when they are in settings with children without disabilities and when their learning outcomes are met in these settings. In this article, we describe how access can be achieved through a…

This article views differentiation as the process of identifying, with each learner, the most effective strategies for achieving agreed targets. It presents 10 elements of differentiation in special education, such as differentiation is multidimensional; differentiation is diagnostic; differentiation challenges classroom relationships; and…

A headteacher at a British special school for children with disabilities advocates retaining the best of traditional practice in teaching mathematics within the requirements of the National Curriculum. Noted are proposals emphasizing differentiated programs stressing application, selectivity, differentiation in depth, and student motivation. (DB)

This review of the literature finds an inconsistency between general education teachers' generally positive attitudes toward making instructional adaptations for students with disabilities and evidence that they are unlikely to alter their traditional whole-class instructional strategies. A lack of teacher training and limited school support are…

Inservice workshops and simulated exercises were used with groups of early childhood teachers (N=48) to evaluate the effective features of diagnostic reports that make them useful to teachers for individualized curriculum planning for handicapped students. Results supported the advantages of using developmentally based reports to facilitate…

This article describes a curriculum adaptation process used by elementary school teachers to enhance the instructional inclusion of children with mild to profound disabilities in primary grade classrooms. Case study examples of three students illustrate how the process is applied in content area subjects to optimize inclusion while not sacrificing…

This article suggests strategies to make classroom curricula adaptive, flexible, and challenging to all students, including those with disabilities. Descriptions of eight sample learning activities illustrate the multiple adaptations possible. Principles such as the importance of the team approach, peer involvement, development of functional…

The Tri-I (Innovative, Integrative, Individualized Curriculum)--TRIIC--contains a systematic method to train preschool teachers in using the curriculum for behaviorally handicapped and/or nonhandicapped children. The curriculum is designed to aid teachers in: developing individualized goals for handicapped and nonhandicapped children…

This Swedish paper discusses the design of an inclusive curriculum for students with disabilities based on Rousseau's concept of a social contract. The importance of a curricular philosophy in which social competence and ecological conditions are crucial provisions in shaping the curriculum is discussed. The social contract philosophy is used to…

The document contains 20 ecological inventories (developed at the University of Minnesota and the University of Alberta) to help severely disabled students learn functional living skills. The ecological approach is designed to uncover the functions critical for success in specific environments which the student frequently encounters. Matching the…

This book offers teachers guidelines and suggestions for adapting and/or selecting materials for use with students with disabilities in general language arts, social studies, and science classrooms (grades 6 through 8). Following an introduction, chapter 1 offers a nine-step procedure for adapting materials from first, creating a plan for adapting…