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Armstrong, Meghan; Esteve Gibert, Núria; Hübscher, Iris; Igualada, Alfonso; Prieto, Pilar – First Language, 2018
This article investigates how children leverage intonational and gestural cues to an individual's belief state through unimodal (intonation-only or facial gesture-only) and multimodal (intonation + facial gesture) cues. A total of 187 preschoolers (ages 3-5) participated in a disbelief comprehension task and were assessed for Theory of Mind (ToM)…
Descriptors: Child Development, Nonverbal Communication, Preschool Children, Cues
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McDonough, Kim; Crowther, Dustin; Kielstra, Paula; Trofimovich, Pavel – Second Language Research, 2015
This exploratory study investigated whether joint attention through eye gaze was predictive of second language (L2) speakers' responses to recasts. L2 English learners (N = 20) carried out communicative tasks with research assistants who provided feedback in response to non-targetlike (non-TL) forms. Their interaction was audio-recorded and their…
Descriptors: Correlation, Eye Movements, Second Language Learning, Audio Equipment
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Bao, Mingzhen; Egi, Takako; Han, Ye – System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 2011
Research has shown that various features of recasts, such as length, intonation, and linguistic target, influence learners' ability to notice the recasts. Noticing has typically been measured using a performance (e.g., uptake) or introspective (e.g., stimulated recall) measure, however, little research has examined how these measures compare in…
Descriptors: Intonation, Interaction, Recall (Psychology), Measurement Techniques