Purpose: Short-term and working memory vary across individuals and life span. Studies of how cochlear implant (CI) users remember spoken words often do not fully disentangle perceptual influences from memory assessment because stimulus identification is rarely checked; instead, correct perception is assumed by using simple or practiced stimuli.…

In three experiments, deaf children, aged 6 years 10 months to 15 years 5 months, were presented with continuous lists of items; for each item, they indicated whether it had appeared before on the list. The findings showed consistently strong semantic effects on word memory of young deaf children. (Author/MV)