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Yu-Chin, Chiu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Recent context-control learning studies have shown that switch costs are reduced in a particular context predicting a high probability of switching as compared to another context predicting a low probability of switching. These context-specific switch probability effects suggest that control of task sets, through experience, can become associated…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Prior Learning, Task Analysis, Cognitive Ability
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Nelson, James Byron; Fabiano, Andrew M.; Lamoureux, Jeffrey A. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Two experiments assessed the effects of extinguishing a conditioned cue on subsequent context conditioning. Each experiment used a different video-game method where sensors predicted attacking spaceships and participants responded to the sensor in a way that prepared them for the upcoming attack. In Experiment 1 extinction of a cue which signaled…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Arousal Patterns, Attention, Context Effect
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Bertels, Julie; San Anton, Estibaliz; Gebuis, Titia; Destrebecqz, Arnaud – Developmental Science, 2017
Extracting the statistical regularities present in the environment is a central learning mechanism in infancy. For instance, infants are able to learn the associations between simultaneously or successively presented visual objects (Fiser & Aslin, 2002; Kirkham, Slemmer & Johnson, 2002). The present study extends these results by…
Descriptors: Infants, Associative Learning, Visual Learning, Cues
Davenport, Tristan S. – ProQuest LLC, 2014
The most important information conveyed by language is often contained not in the utterance itself, but in the interaction between the utterance and the comprehender's knowledge of the world and the current situation. This dissertation uses psycholinguistic methods to explore the effects of a common type of inference--causal inference--on language…
Descriptors: Inferences, Language Processing, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Baker, Kathryn D.; McNally, Gavan P.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2012
The NMDA receptor partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) enhances the extinction of learned fear in rats and exposure therapy in humans with anxiety disorders. Despite these benefits, little is known about the mechanisms by which DCS promotes the loss of fear. The present study examined whether DCS augments extinction retention (1) through reductions…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Context Effect, Anxiety, Fear
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Manelis, Anna; Reder, Lynne M. – Learning & Memory, 2012
Using a combination of eye tracking and fMRI in a contextual cueing task, we explored the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of visual search for repeated spatial configurations. When configurations of distractors were repeated, greater activation in the right hippocampus corresponded to greater reductions in the number of saccades to locate…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Learning Processes, Eye Movements, Cues
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Matute, Helena; Lipp, Ottmar V.; Vadillo, Miguel A.; Humphreys, Michael S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
People can create temporal contexts, or episodes, and stimuli that belong to the same context can later be used to retrieve the memory of other events that occurred at the same time. This can occur in the absence of direct contingency and contiguity between the events, which poses a challenge to associative theories of learning and memory. Because…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Associative Learning, Learning Theories
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Robidoux, Serje; Stolz, Jennifer; Besner, Derek – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Two lexical decision experiments examined the joint effects of stimulus quality, semantic context, and cue-target associative strength when all factors were intermixed in a block of trials. Both experiments found a three-way interaction. Semantic context and stimulus quality interacted when associative strength between cue-target pairs was strong,…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Semantics, Cues, Word Recognition
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Giurfa, Martin; Malun, Dagmar – Learning & Memory, 2004
The present work introduces a form of associative mechanosensory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) in honeybees. In our paradigm, harnessed honeybees learn the elemental association between mechanosensory, antennal stimulation and a reward of sucrose solution delivered to the proboscis. Thereafter, bees extend their proboscis to…
Descriptors: Models, Cues, Stimulation, Classical Conditioning