Scientific progress on creativity research depends on having properly operationalized measures. In psychological research on creativity, it is common to operationalize creativity as the combination of novelty and appropriateness. However, the operationalization of appropriateness varies widely across researchers, studies, and domains (e.g.…

In scientific research on creativity, there has been considerable debate concerning the criteria by which a production can be judged more or less creative, that is, about the definition of "creativity." The most frequent definition -- the "standard" definition -- incorporates the criteria of "novelty" and…

With creativity now being emphasized in schools, it is important for teachers to understand what it is and how it is measured. This review of the literature is an attempt to make sense of the many definitions and measures of creativity. As a result, this comprehensive review shows that most definitions agree that there are at least two criteria to…

Creativity is increasingly viewed as an important 21st century skill that needs to be taught in schools. This emphasis on creativity is often reflected by having students engage in open-ended, project based activities and assignments. A key challenge faced by educators is how such assignments are to be evaluated. An in-depth review of existing…

The goal of this investigation is to demonstrate that much of the confusion regarding the measurement of creativity is caused by the insufficient clarity of its definition and to provide suggestions for an improved assessment and new possible tools of investigation (e.g. interviews). It is shown that three dimensions of creativity (novelty,…

Reconceptualizing contemporary notions about creativity in visual arts education should be an important issue in art education today. Currently, creativity may not be a primary focus at National Art Education Association conferences or in its publications. There are recent indications that art education is a site where creativity can be developed…

This article reports themes emerging from a small-scale literature review on creativity in education. The purpose of the review was to identify key themes and approaches to inform future research. The research questions are; what is creativity? Which theory of creativity is most relevant and useful? Can creativity be assessed and if so, how? The…

The author examines various definitions of creativity, from broad global statements to narrow views of testable traits. Concluding that none of these definitions can be operationalized in education, he suggests that educators concentrate on more definable components of creativity, such as critical thinking, aesthetics, and the imagination. (SJL)

Discussed is the identification and stimulation of creative imagination imagery. (Author/DLS)

The measurement of creativity in children is discussed. (DLS)

Presents an expanded definition of creativity consisting of four modes (subconscious, imagistic, cognitive, and actualizing); four dimensions of a sequence of developmental skills (perceiving, affecting, intellecting, and responding); and four processes (fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality). Two guidelines for increasing students'…

Reviewed are major directions in creativity research in the following areas: theories of creativity; definitions; instruments to measure creativity; nurturing creativity; the disabled, disturbed, and disadvantaged; cross cultural patterns; creative imagination imagery; and measuring creative imagination imagery. (LS)

The author reviews the literature and offers recommendations regarding the measurement and identification of creative potential. The assessment of creative thinking in measures of intellectual ability is discussed, and various definitions of creativity are cited. Measurement problems are identified and several creativity measures (especially the…

Available from: Department of Special Education, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608.

Two batteries of creativity tests measuring traditional'' creativity and creativity as defined by Wallach and Kogan were factor analyzed along with measures of verbal and non-verbal intelligence. (Authors)