Counselor burn-out is characterized by feelings of frustration, rigidity, omnipotence, and the like. Reality therapy uses systematic plans to increase love, worth, fun, and self-discipline to deal effectively with burn-out. (Author)

Matching specific counselor interventions with particular client "moments" enables counselors to conceptualize when and how to best use the interventions. Focusing, evocative reflection, use of the empty chair, reenactment, and fantasy all stimulate adult clients to experience more deeply and develop new understandings. (Author)

Counselors can teach clients to acquire competence in self- instruction. The skills, knowledge, and attitudes that define such competence constitute a legitimate curriculum for counseling. A model of self-instruction is described and the use of this model by counselors to assist clients to develop as self-instructors is discussed and illustrated.…

"Aloneliness" includes such states as loneliness, solitude, alienation, and isolation. Resolution must be an individual issue with each client. Coping and conquering strategies can help individuals adapt and establish meaningful realtionships. (JAC)

National surveys reveal that citizens of all age groups, from school age to adult, are ignorant about the law and its practical use in daily life. The advocate counseling model is an integrative approach combining the elements of legal research and therapeutic counseling in order to teach and guide individuals or groups with institutional problems…

Describes environmental modification, social work's response to the practical needs of clients, which emphasizes "doing for" clients and thus may encourage their dependence on the practitioner. Suggests that helping clients to develop their own skills to modify their environment can promote independence while meeting clients' tangible needs.…