Self-efficacy in language learning have been attracting interest recently. The construct is said to be a reliable predictor of language performance. This study is aimed at explaining the relationship of self-efficacy and speaking proficiency of male and females. It was administered to investigate whether self-efficacy correlates to speaking…

Background: Affective associations have been shown to predict physical activity, but interventions designed to manipulate affective associations are limited. Purpose: To increase physical activity through manipulation of affective associations toward physical activity using the values component from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in…

Mass shootings in schools raise important questions about how best to keep individuals safe and increase survivability in such situations. One of the most common techniques used is lockdown drills, which train individuals to build time and space between them and the threat. Despite their use in 95% of public K-12 schools nationwide, their efficacy…

Estimating the difficulty of reading tests is critical in second language education and assessment. This study was aimed at examining various text features that might influence the difficulty level of a high-stakes reading comprehension test and predict test takers' scores. To this end, the responses provided by 17,900 test takers on the reading…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if higher quantity, diversity, and grammatical informativeness of verb phrases in parent follow-in utterances (i.e., utterances that mapped onto child attentional leads) were significantly related to later expressive verb vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: We…

This study of 195 (108 boys) children seen twice during infancy (Time 1: 4.12 months; Time 2: 14.42 months) aimed to investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months. Infants showed high levels of compliance with the EF tasks at 14 months. There was little evidence of cohesion among EF tasks but…

There is concern that civic engagement in the U.S. has declined recently especially among the younger generations. It is known that one of the strongest predictors of civic engagement is education level, where those with at least a college degree typically have the highest levels of civic engagement. There is also emerging evidence that college…

In this study, we applied an evolutionary perspective to analyze the relationship between aggressiveness, academic performance, and sociality in a population of 528 adolescents of both sexes. In men, we expect physical aggression (PA) and sociality to be negative predictors of academic performance. However, in women, PA would be a negative…

Results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) can be used to generate a polygenic score (PGS), an individual-level measure summarizing identified genetic influence on a trait dispersed across the genome. For complex, behavioral traits, the association between an individual's PGS and their phenotype may contain bias (from geographic,…

In light of the backdrop of change processes within the education system in recent years, including the enlarging of school boundaries and parents' increasing involvement in school life, this study aspired to understand how parents perceive parent--teacher relations alongside their self-efficacy as influencing their help-seeking from teachers in…

The study's goal was to examine the correlation between the computer programming self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of gifted and talented students. The capacity of the computer programming self-efficacy of gifted and talented students to predict their computational thinking skills were also examined. The relational screening model…

In spite of the place of mathematics in the Nigerian education system, the performance of students in both external and internal examinations is on the downward trend. Research on factors affecting students' achievement in mathematics has often neglected the impact of psychological variables, such as emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and…

Prior research has demonstrated that linguistic skills and knowledge contribute to successful reading acquisition. In contrast, little is known about the influence of domain-general learning abilities on reading. To investigate associations between general memory functions and reading during the early stages of learning to read, performance…

Metacognition is an umbrella term encompassing thinking and memory, learning, motivation, and cognitive development as indicated by Metcalfe & Shimamura (1994). As is generally believed, metacognition has direct linkage with higher order thinking skills, which is all about regulating and functioning on cognitive processes of learning.…

When studying entrepreneur's intentions, researchers have mainly relied on the theory of planned behaviour model developed by Ajzen (1991. "The Theory of Planned Behavior." "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes" 50 (2): 179-211) which includes personal variables such as subjective norms, attitude and perception…