No matter how strong the theoretical infrastructure of a study is, if the measurement instruments do not have the necessary psychometric qualities, there will be a question of trust in interpreting the findings, and it will be inevitable to make wrong decisions with the results. One of the important steps in scale development/adaptation studies is…

The Woodcock-Johnson (fourth edition; WJ IV; Schrank, McGrew, & Mather, 2014a) was recently redeveloped and retains its linkage to Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC). Independent reviews (e.g., Canivez, 2017) and investigations (Dombrowski, McGill, & Canivez, 2017) of the structure of the WJ IV full test battery and WJ IV Cognitive have…

The Woodcock-Johnson-III cognitive in the adult time period (age 20 to 90 plus) was analyzed using exploratory bifactor analysis via the Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization procedure. The results of this study suggested possible overfactoring, a different factor structure from that posited in the Technical Manual and a lack of invariance across both…

There is a lack of research on the effects of outliers on the decisions about the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis, especially for outliers arising from unintended and unknowingly included subpopulations. The purpose of the present research was to investigate how outliers from an unintended and unknowingly included…

Numerous procedures have been suggested for determining the number of factors to retain in factor analysis. However, previous studies have focused on comparing methods using normal data sets. This study had two phases. The first phase explored the Kaiser method, Scree test, Bartlett's chi-square test, Minimum Average Partial (1976&2000),…

When conducting an exploratory factor analysis, the decision regarding the number of factors to retain following factor extraction is one that the researcher should consider very carefully, as the decision can have a dramatic effect on results. Although there are numerous strategies that can and should be utilized when making this decision,…

Demonstrates that traditional exploratory factor analytic methods, when applied to correlation matrices, cannot be used to estimate unattenuated factor loadings. Presents a mathematical basis for the accurate estimation of such values when the disattenuated correlation matrix or the covariance matrix is used as input. Explains how the equations…

A shortcut formula for the computation of "coefficients of invariance" in the comparison of factor structures is presented. A limitation of the coefficient of invariance is pointed out in the case of comparing two first principal components. (NE)

A factor replication procedure (FACTOREP) was evaluated using four psychometrically equivalent synthetic correlation matrices containing an imposed three-subscale structure. Comparisons of the structure revealed by two, three, four, and nine-factor rotations using the FACTOREP showed that only the three factor solutions were replicable across all…

A relatively simple technique for assessing the convergence of sets of variables across method domains is presented. The technique, two-step principal components analysis, empirically orthogonalizes each method domain into sets of components, and then analyzes convergence among components across domains. (Author)

The problem of demonstrating replicability of factor structure across random variables is addressed. Procedures are outlined which combine the use of random subsample replication strategies with the correlations between factor score estimates across replicate pairs to generate a coefficient of replicability and confidence intervals associated with…

Discusses Guttman's index of indeterminacy in light of alternative solutions which are equally likely to be correct and alternative solutions for the factor which are not equally likely to be chosen. Offers index which measures a different aspect of the same indeterminacy problem. (ROF)

The fundamental problems that ipsative measures impose for factor analysis are shown analytically. Normative and ipsative correlation matrices are used to show that the factor pattern induced by ipsativity will overwhelm any factor structure seen with normative factor analysis, making factor analysis not interpretable. (SLD)

The relationship of sample size to number of variables in the use of factor analysis has been treated by many investigators. In attempting to explore what the minimum sample size should be, none of these investigators pointed out the constraints imposed on the dimensionality of the variables by using a sample size smaller than the number of…

Provides normative data about the distribution of one measure of similarity of factor loadings, the congruence coefficient, through a Monte Carlo Technique. Matching of "chance" factor patterns was done by the method of Tucker. Statistical tests of the results, based on similarities of the method to canonical and multiple correlation,…