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Pachman, Mariya; Arguel, Amaël; Lockyer, Lori; Kennedy, Gregor; Lodge, Jason M. – Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2016
Research on incidence of and changes in confusion during complex learning and problem-solving calls for advanced methods of confusion detection in digital learning environments (DLEs). In this study we attempt to address this issue by investigating the use of multiple measures, including psychophysiological indicators and self-ratings, to detect…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Cognitive Processes, Electronic Learning, Problem Solving