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Direct linkYork, Richard – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2018
A common motivation for adding control variables to statistical models is to reduce the potential for spurious findings when analyzing non-experimental data and to thereby allow for more reliable causal inferences. However, as I show here, unless "all" potential confounding factors are included in an analysis (which is unlikely to be…
Descriptors: Inferences, Control Groups, Correlation, Experimental Groups
Metcalfe, Lindsay A.; Harvey, Elizabeth A.; Laws, Holly B. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
Existing research suggests that there is a relation between academic/cognitive deficits and externalizing behavior in young children, but the direction of this relation is unclear. The present study tested competing models of the relation between academic/cognitive functioning and behavior problems during early childhood. Participants were 221…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Cognitive Ability, Academic Ability, Behavior Problems
