Efron's Monte Carlo bootstrap algorithm is shown to cause degeneracies in Pearson's r for sufficiently small samples. Two ways of preventing this problem when programing the bootstrap of r are considered. (Author)

When a correlation is taken in a sample in which the range of the variables being correlated is limited, it is often desired to apply the correlation to groups with different ranges for the variables. In such situations, a correction for restriction of range (more precisely, restriction of standard deviation) may be necessary. Considered in this…

The advantages of Goodman's Gamma, a measure of association, are discussed in reference to the Pearson coefficient of contingency. Both theoretical and practical advantages and disadvantages are discussed. An empirical comparison of the two measures shows that gamma detects significant relationships which chi square does not, and that gamma is…

There are two distinct but related purposes for carrying out a "discriminant analysis": (1) discrimination, and (2) classification. The primary objective of this paper was to review the outputs of selected computer programs often used to carry out a "discriminant analysis" with respect to these two purposes. Information provided by the programs on…

In some correlational studies it is not reasonable to assume that bivariate observations are uncorrelated. An example would be a configural analysis in which two individuals are correlated across several variables (e.g., Q-technique). The present study was a Monte Carlo investigation of the robustness of techniques used in judging the magnitude of…