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Direct linkCourtney, Louise; Graham, Suzanne; Tonkyn, Alan; Marinis, Theodoros – Applied Linguistics, 2017
The present longitudinal study examines the interaction of learner variables (gender, motivation, self-efficacy, and first language literacy) and their influence on second language learning outcomes. The study follows English learners of French from Year 5 in primary school (aged 9-10) to the first year in secondary school (Year 7; aged 11-12).…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, French, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Birdsong, David – Applied Linguistics, 2014
The present article examines the relationship between age and dominance in bilingual populations. Age in bilingualism is understood as the point in development at which second language (L2) acquisition begins and as the chronological age of users of two languages. Age of acquisition (AoA) is a factor in determining which of a bilingual's two…
Descriptors: Language Dominance, Bilingualism, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Barkaoui, Khaled; Brooks, Lindsay; Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Applied Linguistics, 2013
This study investigated the strategic behaviors that test-takers reported using when responding to integrated and independent speaking tasks in an English oral proficiency test [the Speaking Section of the Internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] (TOEFL iBT)] and the relationship between test-takers' strategic behaviors and their…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, English (Second Language), Speech Communication, Second Language Learning
