This study draws on basic psychological needs (BPN) theory to investigate multiple ways that perceived relatedness is important for understanding students' help-seeking behavior in college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. Participants were 590 undergraduates (38% women; 65% European American, 24% Asian/Pacific…

Times are changing classes from in-person to online training. Students can or cannot be prepared for this new order of education. Self-learning regulation (SLR) is essential for upcoming students and graduates in professional development and training. In addition, psychology and medicine students are in a unique position as they start their…

Given the recent attention to language-domain-specific grit in the field of SLA and the scarcity of research on the antecedents of L2 grit, we proposed a model that links L2 learners' basic psychological needs (BPN) (i.e. autonomy, competence, and relatedness), L2 grit (i.e. perseverance of effort (PE) and consistency of interest (CI)), and L2…

Although often suffering from a lack of conceptual clarity and definition, the use of problem-based learning (PBL) as a pedagogical approach has become almost ubiquitous across many disciplines in higher education in recent years. As well as purported benefits for student learning, the empowerment of students through increased autonomy is…

In this study, the researcher investigated the impact of social, metacognitive, and cognitive strategies on developing learner autonomy in foreign language learning. 150 EFL students participated in this study. In the selection of the participants, a simple random sampling technique was used. The aim of this study was to find the relationship…

This study aimed to develop a second-language willingness to write (L2WTW) model for foreign language writing classrooms. For this purpose, based on previous empirical studies, a hypothesized framework that describes the relationship between L2 motivation, L2 learners' attitude, autonomy, self-confidence, teacher/peer feedback, and knowledge of…

This study examines the relationship between autonomy support from instructors, self-regulated learning, mastery goal orientation and academic stress. College and graduate students in China (N=366) participated in this study. Mediation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the constructs. The results indicate that academic stress…

Purpose: Learner autonomy enables an individual to learn how to cope with novelties without seeking help from others. Considering the rapid changes and transformations of the 21st century, it has become essential for teachers to possess this characteristic. Thus, their level of learner autonomy should be determined. The purpose of this two-phased…

Teachers are crucial agents in adolescents' school life, and teachers' roles involve both academic and socio-emotional functions. This study examined how first-year students in upper secondary school in Norway (n = 1379) perceive aspects of teacher support (emotional support, feedback quality, and autonomy granting), and the associations with…

The paper investigates the determinants of academic performance of accounting students in Ghanaian secondary and tertiary education institutions. Data analysis is based on a survey of 500 accounting students enrolled at secondary and tertiary education institutions in Ghana. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the results indicate…

The road to second language competence is a long and arduous one, and much of its effort involves learning to recognize and use vocabulary. Fortunately, anytime-anywhere learning with smart phones and smart apps offer a means to lessen the burden and make vocabulary learning more efficient. Accordingly, this study investigated 134 students across…

Under the framework of self-determination theory, choice is a supporting factor for autonomy in the classroom. The provision of choice in the classroom is a distinct feature of higher education, through which students experience a shift from mandatory tasks to those are more learner-controlled. This study explores Chinese master's students'…

This study aims to identify which technology-based out-of-class activities are more commonly used by Iranian EFL learners outside language classrooms. Furthermore, it explored the relationship between the use of technology-based out-of-class language learning activities (TBOCLLAs) by EFL learners and three individual learner characteristics such…

Agency refers to the level of control the student has over learning. Most studies on agency in computer-based learning environments have been conducted in the context of educational games and multimedia learning, while there is little research done in the context of learning with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). We conducted a study in the…

One way to promote autonomy in the second language can be through the use of Self-access Centres (SACs). These are spaces for students to engage in activities such as self-study or communication with other learners, or native-speakers of the target language. However, merely having these spaces available does not guarantee that students will use…