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Download full textCarnoy, Martin – National Education Policy Center, 2015
Stanford education professor Martin Carnoy examines four main critiques of how international test results are used in policymaking. Of particular interest are critiques of the policy analyses published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Using average PISA scores as a comparative measure of student achievement is misleading…
Descriptors: Criticism, Reputation, Test Validity, Error of Measurement
