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Kartal, Ozgul; Dunya, Beyza Aksu; Diefes-Dux, Heidi A.; Zawojewski, Judith S. – International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2016
Critical to many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career paths is mathematical modeling--specifically, the creation and adaptation of mathematical models to solve problems in complex settings. Conventional standardized measures of mathematics achievement are not structured to directly assess this type of mathematical…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, STEM Education, Standardized Tests, Mathematics Achievement
Ackerman, Terry A. – 1987
One of the important underlying assumptions of all item response theory (IRT) models is that of local independence. This assumption requires that the response to an item on a test not be influenced by the response to any other items. This assumption is often taken for granted, with little or no scrutiny of the response process required to answer…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Correlation, Estimation (Mathematics), Latent Trait Theory