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Download full textRaffeld, Paul; Reynolds, William M. – 1977
The pretest-posttest design referred to as Design 2 by Campbell and Stanley (1963) is commonly used in educational research and evaluation. The tenability of the assumption of a zero population difference commonly used with this design is questioned. A nonzero population estimate based on the mean difference observed in test-retest reliability…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Correlation, Experimental Groups, Hypothesis Testing
Peer reviewedHoogstraten, Joh. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The biasing effects of a pretest on subsequent post-test results were investigated in two experimental studies. In general, the results argue for using designs without pretests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Higher Education
Fortenberry, Warren D. – 1968
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of visual perceptual training on word recognition and reading achievement of disadvantaged first grade pupils. The experimental groups received the Frostig Program for the Development of Visual Perception in addition to the regular readiness program for a period of 12 weeks. The control…
Descriptors: Bibliographies, Control Groups, Disadvantaged Youth, Experimental Groups
Starkweather, Elizabeth Kezia – 1966
A research project was conducted to study the effects of an 8-week prekindergarten enrichment program and of two 15-month preschool enrichment programs. Pretest and posttest scores of experimental and control kindergarten children (a sample of 100 out of 1,000 subjects) showed that both groups made significant gains in all ability categories o f…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Concept Formation, Control Groups, Disadvantaged
CLARK, MARILYN; AND OTHERS – 1967
A 2-MONTH BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM TESTED WHETHER A TOKEN REINFORCEMENT MIGHT BE AN EFFECTIVE INCENTIVE TO STIMULATE A DESIRED EDUCATIONAL BEHAVIOR. THE SUBJECTS (SS) WERE TWO MATCHED GROUPS OF FIVE 16- TO 21-YEAR-OLD GIRLS WHO WERE SCHOOL DROPOUTS EMPLOYED IN A NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH CORPS (NYC) PROGRAM. A CLASSROOM GROUP WAS GIVEN A BASIC EDUCATION…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Control Groups, Dropouts
Peer reviewedToedter, Lori J.; And Others – Evaluation Review, 1990
The problem of the appropriate comparison group for bereavement studies is discussed. The use of the retrospective pretest design is illustrated through a longitudinal study of bereavement outcome following pregnancy loss, involving 138 bereaved women and a comparison group of 215 currently pregnant women. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adults, Bereavement, Comparative Analysis, Control Groups
Fitz-Gibbon, Carol Taylor; Morris, Lynn Lyons – 1978
The evaluation design, which prescribes when and from whom to gather data, is described as significant because it can lend credibility to evaluation results. The objectives of this booklet are to aid the evaluator in: choosing a design; putting it into operation; and analyzing and reporting the data. Examples include both formative and summative…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Control Groups, Educational Research, Evaluation Methods
Cunningham, Grover – 1968
A study was conducted to determine if the observed changes in Head Start children were related to the practice effects inherent in a test-retest situation. The "control" group consisted of 64 children who had been eligible for a Head Start program. They roughly matched a group of Head Start (HS) children in IQ scores, age, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Control Groups, Disadvantaged, Experimental Groups
A Comparison of Children's Learning Under Different Program Structures in a Resident Outdoor School.
Conrad, Michelle – 1975
Hypothesizing that students who were given the opportunity to choose their learning activities in a residential outdoor education school (Stone Valley, Pennsylvania) would more readily attain the behavioral objectives of those activities, 68 fifth grade students participating in a four-day residential outdoor education program were divided into a…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Control Groups, Decision Making, Educational Objectives
Brenner, Charles J. – 1968
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the ef"ects of direct-detailed and directed discovery laboratory methods on selected behavior characteristics of college students during a 3-week period. The 120 students wer" enrolled in three sections of an electricity course under three teachers. During the first 3 weeks of the experiment, 20 students…
Descriptors: College Students, Comparative Analysis, Control Groups, Doctoral Dissertations
Kleine, Louis W. – 1968
The experimental pilot project was conducted to determine whether students who take the laboratory phase of an engineering technology applied electricity course in a mobile laboratory at branch schools demonstrate proficiency comparable to students who take the applied electricity course in permanent facilities at the parent institution. The…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Control Groups, Course Content, Electricity
PDF pending restorationUtah State Univ., Logan. Exceptional Child Center. – 1976
A parent training model utilizing rural Utah (Box Elder County) parents whose children had been identified by their teachers as among the lowest three in their classes in reading or mathematics performance examined the academic performance of 150 students in grades 2-6 derived from 9 elementary schools (5 schools in the treatment group and 4 in…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Control Groups, Elementary Education, Experimental Groups
Craytor, Josephine K. – 1967
The four goals of this project are outlined in some detail. First, a unit programed for self-instruction in nursing, entitled "An Introduction to Radiation Therapy" was revised and rewritten on the basis of knowledge gained from controlled use. The revised unit took less time, showed a decreased error rate and indicated greater learning. A second…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Allied Health Occupations Education, Clinical Experience, Control Groups
Applegate, Neil J. – 1976
Two different control groups were used to evaluate the use of pre- and post-test examination questions presented in the format of a Navy training film. The control group was given a paper-and-pencil pre- and post-test while the experimental group received the pre- and post-test questions within the context and format of the film. While no…
Descriptors: Audiovisual Instruction, Comparative Testing, Control Groups, Criterion Referenced Tests
Cross, Lawrence H.; Lane, Carolyn E. – 1977
Action research often necessitates the use of intact groups for the comparison of educational treatments or programs. This paper considers several analytical methods that might be used for such situations when pretest scores indicate that these intact groups differ significantly initially. The methods considered include gain score analysis of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Control Groups
