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Peer reviewedHoogstraten, Joh. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The biasing effects of a pretest on subsequent post-test results were investigated in two experimental studies. In general, the results argue for using designs without pretests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Higher Education
Cunningham, Grover – 1968
A study was conducted to determine if the observed changes in Head Start children were related to the practice effects inherent in a test-retest situation. The "control" group consisted of 64 children who had been eligible for a Head Start program. They roughly matched a group of Head Start (HS) children in IQ scores, age, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Control Groups, Disadvantaged, Experimental Groups


