THIS PRELIMINARY EDITION COMPRISES A DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OF INDONESIAN (BAHASA INDONESIA), THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. THE THREE SECTIONS--PHONOLOGY, SYNTAX, AND MORPHOLOGY--PRESENT A COMPREHENSIVE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN, WITH OCCASIONAL CONTRASTIVE REFERENCE TO MALAY, JAVANESE, SUNDANESE, AND SUMATRAN. THIS…

Distinguishes between "mode" as a verb-form and "modality," a category of meaning expressed mainly by lexical and syntactical means. Describes the subjunctive in Russian and German; a schematic summary shows both languages using the subjunctive for hypothesis and wish, but only German for indirect discourse. (Text is in…

Examines the syntactic characteristics of Spanish verbs of motion dividing them into two classes, those that designate movement and those that designate both movement and change of place. Analyzes the differences between the two classes by contrasting Spanish and English usage. (MES)

Weak forms belong to the realm of sentence phonetics. Syntactic and phonetic conditions for the various appearances of weak forms are discussed. Two examples show how much of a role weak forms have played in FL teaching. Comparisons with English are made. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Rejects a too-general classification of modality; would omit emotionality, affirmations and negations. Particles should not be indiscriminately classed as modals. Modality is divided into three aspects, which are then explained, with numerous comparative examples in Czech and German. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Deals with infinitives that occur with predicate adjectives. Syntactic relations occuring between Infinitive and Copula plus Adjective are examined with the aim of showing the Polish counterparts of English infinitives. (Author/RM)

THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE DETERMINERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO MODIFYING CLAUSE STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH AND MANDARIN CHINESE ARE STUDIED WITHIN THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR, AS PRESENTED BY KATZ AND POSTAL. A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE FORM-CLASS AND EARLIER TRANSFORMATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM IS MADE WITH THE CONCLUSION…

The fourth volume in this series contains nine articles dealing with various aspects of Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis. They are: "Adverbial Clauses of Cause, Place and Manner in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Gordana Gavrilovic; "Intransitive Verbs+Adverbials or Complements Containing Non-Finite Verb Forms," by…

Discusses the role of descriptive linguistics and linguistic theory in compiling bilingual dictionaries based on lexical contrastive analysis. (AM)

The third volume in this series on Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis contains three articles. They are: "Recent Approaches to Grammar and Their Significance for Contrastive Structure Studies," by Rolf Berndt; "Some Remarks on the Factive and Non-Factive Complements in English and Serbo-Croatian," by Ljiljana Bibovic; and "On Conjoined…

The ergative construction is characteristic of all 37 languages of the Caucasian group. After definition of "subject" and "object," a summary is given of 13 Caucasian intransitive and transitive sentence-types, with respect to the case forms of their subjects and objects. The principal "symptoms" of ergativity are:…

Reflexives in Japanese and English show a number of interesting differences. Morphologically, there is a single form "jibun" ("jishin") in Japanese, which does not vary for person or number. In English there are various forms which always agree in person and number ("myself,""himself,""themselves,"…