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Bradshaw, Ceri A.; Reed, Phil – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In three experiments, human participants pressed the space bar on a computer keyboard to earn points on random-ratio (RR) and random-interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement. Verbalized contingency awareness (CA) for each schedule was measured after the entire task (Experiments 1 and 2), or after each RR-RI trial (Experiment 3). In all three…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Computers, Task Analysis
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Kutzner, Florian; Freytag, Peter; Vogel, Tobias; Fiedler, Klaus – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
When humans predict criterion events based on probabilistic predictors, they often lend excessive weight to the predictor and insufficient weight to the base rate of the criterion event. In an operant analysis, using a matching-to-sample paradigm, Goodie and Fantino (1996) showed that humans exhibit base-rate neglect when predictors are associated…
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Prediction, Operant Conditioning, Predictor Variables
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Franklin, Diane E.; Taylor, Catherine L.; Hennessey, Neville W.; Beilby, Janet M. – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2008
Background: Response-contingent time-out has been shown to be an effective technique for enhancing fluency in people who stutter. However, the factors that determine individual responsiveness to time-out are not well understood. Aims: The study investigated the effectiveness of using response-contingent time-out to reduce stuttering frequency in…
Descriptors: Stuttering, Operant Conditioning, Timeout, Severity (of Disability)