This paper reports the results of a phenomenographic study which focused on identifying and describing the conceptions of programming and related phenomena of about 120 computer science and computer engineering students learning to program. The report begins by tracing developments in the students' conceptions of programming and its parts, and…

It is becoming increasingly important to teach students higher-order thinking skills in addition to mere factual knowledge. Recent scientific and technological advances offer significant opportunities to implement more effective teaching of these skills. By investigating intellectual processes, cognitive science has led to a significantly better…

The development of children's understanding of the learning process and factors that affect learning was explored with a sample of 18 children from 6 to 13 years of age. Subjects were interviewed, and three levels of their reasoning were identified. The 6- to 7-year-old subjects viewed learning as "doing" and reasoned that…

Through the years teachers have developed a systematic approach to teaching logic, order, and structure. This approach has put to use the capabilities of only the left side of the brain, neglecting the right-brain activities of visual literacy and visual clustering. To help students organize information efficiently, teachers should provide…

This paper presents the thesis that information gained from the extensive research on conservation training can be utilized in planning curriculum content and teaching strategies, especially in concept acquisition. It is suggested that precise teaching techniques have been created and evaluated in studies of conservation training, and that every…

Much recent cognitive and artificial intelligence research has focused on the development of "schema theory." This theory supposes the existence of knowledge and memory structures that encode prototypical descriptions of familiar concepts. Schema theory has developed in a scientific environment that stresses interdisciplinary approaches…

The major virtue of educational criticism is that it expands our understanding of how we come to know, consequently creating new avenues for educational evaluation and research. The task of the educational critic is to write in a manner enabling the reader to vicariously participate in classroom life, thus becoming familiar with the emotional…

Two ways in which the college teacher accustomed to formal thought and formal teaching can reach students who are more adept at concrete learning are suggested. Guidelines are provided for the first method, which entails the incorporation of activities and materials into the regular lecture or lecture-discussion format of the class. The second,…

THIS VOLUME IS A COLLECTION OF EIGHT PAPERS DEALING WITH ASPECTS OF TEACHING PHYSICS TO RUSSIAN STUDENTS IN GRADES FIVE THROUGH ELEVEN. TOPICS OF PAPERS ARE (1) THE PRESENT SITUATION IN THE METHOD OF HIGH-SCHOOL PHYSICS AND ITS BEARING ON THE POLYTECHNICAL INSTRUCTION SYSTEM, (2) THE DEVELOPMENT OF RATIONAL THOUGHT IN STUDENTS DURING THE TEACHING…

IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE CONCEPTS OF THE WORLD MUST BE PRESENTED TO YOUNG CHILDREN IN A DYNAMIC AND TANGIBLE WAY. THE WRITER SPEAKS OF THE SCHOOL AS A COMMUNITY OF MEN IN MICROCOSM. THE ACQUISITION OF THE TOOLS OF LEARNING, THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SYMBOLISM IN OUR CULTURE, THE PROCESSES OF ABSTRACT LEARNING AND MEANING, AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF…

A REPORT ON IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ACTIVITY TO BE SPONSORED BY THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION WAS PREPARED AS AN ADDENDUM TO THE CHAIRMAN'S REPORT OF THE WOODS HOLE CONFERENCE ON FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN EDUCATION, HELD UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES DURING SEPTEMBER 1959. IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH WERE…

The three papers presented in this publication examine in depth the thought and practices that currently prevail in the specialized areas of reading and concept attainment. Two of the papers deal with concept learning and the transformation of this knowledge into instructional guidelines. The third paper considers the importance o f concept…

The seven papers that comprise this book were presented at the 1977 National Art Education Association Conference on Reading, the Arts, and the Creation of Meaning held to bring together people in the arts and the fields of reading, psychology, and philosophy to explore the relationships that exist between these fields of study. Topics discussed…

This study investigated the effect of two external conditions on the learning of principles by children. The external conditions were instruction on the major concepts related in the principle and the number of teaching examples and teaching nonexamples of the principle presented with a statement of the principle. Subjects were 159 fifth-grade…

In a discussion of human institutions and modes of conduct, a basic analytical shift from absolutism to relativism is noted. From this frame of reference the conceptual changes in mathematics, the sciences, and esthetics are reviewed. The paper also discusses the implications of this change for the psychology of human thinking and for children's…