This manual is designed to help Army training personnel select and implement a specific approach to achieving specific training goals. Following a general learning model, general training principles are summarized. The rest of the manual shows how specific learning principles are associated with groups of learner performances. Training goals…

A second year of experimental research on young children examined the instructional power of television in facilitating the acquisition of cognitive skills. In addition, researchers investigated the efficiency of an instructional support system designed to maximize the results of educational television. Subjects were three- to five-year-old Native…

The theoretical and practical structure of a learning skills program based on an organization model is described. The first section of the paper deals with the description and implication of the program. Ideographic questioning and examination of a group of students and their study habits led to the development of an information processing model…

An analysis of a 10-minute episode in which 7-year-old students (n=3) engage in collaborative small group activity is presented to explore the relationship between individual learning and group development. Students learned as they interactively constituted situations for justification or validation, yielding an institutionalized solution method.…

People use and extend their knowledge of the physical world constantly. Understanding how this fluency is achieved would be an important milestone in understanding human learning and intelligence, as well as a useful guide for constructing machines that learn. This paper presents a theoretical framework that is being developed in an attempt to…

Insights gained from experience and research on language minority students' academic success are reviewed as background for presentation of a curriculum that is bilingual and content-based and uses cooperative learning techniques. First, findings on three elements of success (interest and motivation, intelligence and development, and psychosocial…

Opting for curriculum design in the teaching of English which is based on recent psychological theory and current thought in logic, the author contrasts the more traditional chronological presentation with "process and structure" techniques. The weaknesses inherent in the idea of a curriculum patterned on the notion of having to "cover ground" in…

The paper describes the rationale and 10-day implementation in a 5th-grade classroom (n=19) of an experimental ratio-and-proportion instructional design. In this constructivist-phenomenological design, coming from our theoretical perspective, design research, and domain analysis, students: (1) link "real-world" and "mathematical" objects…

Shows fragility of knowledge in connection with a false application of mathematical induction, as observed in a problem-solving course for prospective teachers. The attempt to explain the observations is based upon an analysis of the logic underlying proof by mathematical induction and a concept formation theory. (MKR)

This report explores ways in which instructional conversations between a teacher and her students contributed to building an academic community in a transitional bilingual fourth-grade classroom. Through an analysis of reading lesson transcripts, classroom events, and student essays and journal assignments, the report shows how classroom…

Psycho-epistemology provides a framework for this study on interrelationships among teachers, subject matter, and learners. Chapter 1 presents the polemics that lead to the problem, including sections on educational divergence, the noncumulative nature of knowledge in education, the divergence of opinion regarding the "best" teaching and…

Investigation of the influence of schooling on cognitive development and its resulting attitudes toward social change in Pakistan provides insight on national development. Pakistan's rural geography, well developed class system, legacy of colonial rule, and strong family and religious traditions make it a particularly good subject for development…

Describes the use and rationale of "Silent Teaching," a teaching technique in which the teacher remains silent as students generate and evaluate hypotheses while trying to understand an as-yet undiscovered concept. (MDH)

A longitudinal study followed Brian from grade five through grade seven to examine his representation and development of mathematical knowledge. Some observations over the four years were that Brian liked to figure things out, responded poorly to suggestions not fitting the representation he constructed, and changed attitudes from purposeful and…

Piaget's model of children's conceptual learning and development was compared with Klausmeier's Conceptual Learning and Development (CLD) model in a longitudinal study. The CLD model suggests four successive levels of concept learning: (1) concrete--recognizing an object which has been encountered previously; (2) identity--recognizing a known…