The concepts of electronegativity and classical electronegativity scales are briefly described. Electronegativity scales have practical quantitative applications, and this work suggests activities which can assist students select the scales for use in chemistry applications. It provided examples of the use of an appropriate electronegativity…

Despite substantial improvements to memory precision in childhood, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, 40 children (7-9 years; 22 females, 18 males; majority White) and 42 adults (24-35 years; 22 females, 20 males; majority White) modulated their approaches to memory formation--focusing on the specific details to…

Eigentheory concepts are central in mathematics and physics; they serve multiple functions, such as symbolizing physical phenomena and facilitating mathematical computations. Words and meanings associated with eigentheory develop and vary over time, as do their associated symbols. In this study, we investigate how "eigen" develops over…

Reflexivity has become a key concept in RE. It plays a vital role in the interpretive approach and the broader contexts of hermeneutics, anthropology, and research methodology. Moreover, reflexivity is closely related to other terms like self-awareness and self-reflection. How can we conceptualise reflexivity and these related concepts? What are…

Background: The perception and experience of death with respect to individuals with intellectual disability are almost unexplored in the Polish context. We aimed to understand how these persons conceptualise death, understand their experiences associated with it, and the meanings they ascribe to it. Method: The study was designed and conducted…

The subject of pharmaceutical research has traditionally focused on drugs with systemic effects. However, contemporary approaches aspire to achieve targeted drug delivery, with the aim of combatting infections with a precise immune response. Active substances are encapsulated in nanoparticles, transported through the body, and selectively released…

Conceptual knowledge encompasses understanding the interrelationships among multiple pieces of information. Misconceptions of these interrelationships illustrate the need for effective educational strategies to facilitate conceptual change, with the goal of facilitating changes in learner understanding to appropriate, accurate, and complete…

Throughout the history of science, novel ideas that diverge from mainstream thought have often been met with condemnation, derision, and ad hominem attacks. These reactions have sometimes led to the premature rejection of such ideas, only for them to be later revived and even accepted as the prevailing paradigm. While robust debate is essential in…

Generic sentences such as "Birds lay eggs" are used frequently and effortlessly, but there is no simple quantitative rule that determines whether they are true or false. For instance, while "Birds lay eggs" is considered true, "Birds are female" is considered false, even though there are necessarily fewer birds that…

There is an infinity of realized and potential creative things, creative ideas, and creative performances, and yet there is no such thing as creativity, at least not in the two ways most of us think about creativity. (1) There is no general essence of creativity, no indispensable factor or shared quality that is an intrinsic part of all creative…

This study explores the ontological perspective in analyzing students' problem-solving related to mechanical energy conservation. The research involves 18 high school students whose explanations were qualitatively analyzed using an extended ontological framework. Initially, students predominantly employed matter-based predicates and…

For several decades, brainstorming in groups and its variants have been widely examined in research as a technique to produce ideas. The way to stimulate elaboration by linking ideas to those previously given by others during a brainstorming session is a challenge for researchers and practitioners aiming to go beyond idea generation. Despite…

As environmental challenges increase in scope and scale, new conceptualizations for environmental literacy are needed. Specifically, notions of environmental literacy must move from those at the individual level to those at the group, or community, level. However, the concept of community level environmental literacy is underdeveloped. In this…

This paper critically assesses the meaning of Indigenous Knowledge from a global context. Using content analysis of myriad descriptions of the concept and quasi-quantitative statistical techniques, this study examines the global elements that should be used to characterize Indigenous Knowledge. This is prompted by the fact that for decades,…

Mathematical ideas are developed and spread during argumentative whole class discussions between a teacher and her students. The goal of the current study is to characterize how ideas about quadratic functions emerge and are spread during a whole-class discussion among ninth graders. To this end, we recorded both discussions between pairs of…