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Ling, Guangming; Bridgeman, Brent – International Journal of Testing, 2013
To explore the potential effect of computer type on the Test of English as a Foreign Language-Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) Writing Test, a sample of 444 international students was used. The students were randomly assigned to either a laptop or a desktop computer to write two TOEFL iBT practice essays in a simulated testing environment, followed…
Descriptors: Laptop Computers, Writing Tests, Essays, Computer Assisted Instruction
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Afshari, Mojgan; Bakar, Kamariah Abu; Luan, Wong Su; Siraj, Saedah – Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 2012
Leadership is an important factor in the effective implementation of technology in schools. This study examines the transformational leadership role of principals to determine whether transformational leadership role of principals in ICT implementation in schools is influenced by the computer competence, level of computer use, and professional…
Descriptors: Computer Uses in Education, Educational Technology, Educational Opportunities, Foreign Countries
Zimmer, J. Christopher; Fuller, Dana K. – 1996
This paper reviews the literature on factors affecting students' performance in undergraduate statistics courses for the social sciences. Statistics anxiety and attitude have been linked to one's performance in statistics classes. Math factors, such as anxiety and attitude, may have an impact on performance in statistics classes, but the…
Descriptors: Computer Literacy, Computer Uses in Education, Higher Education, Literature Reviews