Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an AR application (Civilisations AR) on EFL learners' oral proficiency in the dimensions of content, fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, as well as their attitudes and perceptions toward AR technology. Design: Utilizing a quasi-experiment, twenty-four EFL learners engaged in a…

This study was conducted to optimize the designs of learning guides embedded in a computer-based simulation environment. The research was based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Cognitive Load Theory. We investigated computer simulations under four conditions that combined representation and imagination learning strategies. This…

Although the notion of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has been widely promoted in language classrooms, few empirical studies report how social media, such as Instagram, could be used as a virtual learning platform to engage students in learning how to communicate interculturally. Framed within the global Englishes (GE) concept as the…

This study investigates the influence of technological literacy in artificial intelligence (AI), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), and mobile applications on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' engagement and motivation in technology-enhanced classrooms. A total of 357 Chinese EFL students participated in a survey-based quantitative…

The impact of global digitalization on religious attitudes and self-identification is profound. Since religious identity often serves as a fundamental component of national identity, examining the impact of the virtual environment on religiosity and self-identification is particularly relevant. This study aims to identify the key characteristics…

This study aims to create and validate an evaluation tool that assesses the learning effectiveness of extended reality applications (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and the metaverse). Six research questions were formulated to guide this study. The Extended Reality in Education (XREd) questionnaire consists of 50-items…

This study investigated the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention with integrated Electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback (VR-EEG) in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner proficiency compared to a traditional classroom setting. Learners (N = 60) were randomly assigned to either the VR-EEG group or the traditional…

Despite the growing interest in game-based learning (GBL) over the last two decades, the influence of Augmented Reality-based GBL on English vocabulary growth is still not well understood when compared with other forms of media, especially with regard to academic English vocabulary. This quasi-experimental study with 90 Chinese…

Speakers may resort to different inferences and expectations in intercultural encounters. These expectations are influenced by speakers' socialization processes in speech communities and networks, as well as by the local interactional demands and power dynamics in the communicative situation. While interactional sociolinguistic studies have…

Research has failed to clarify how nontraditional adult learners experience and perceive relationship abuse curriculum designed to teach the warning signs of unhealthy relationship behaviors and encourage bystander action. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of nontraditional…

The interconnectedness of language, culture, and education underscores the growing importance of internationalization in higher education. This study explores the role of virtual exchange in advancing curricular internationalization through the experience of a Spanish PhD candidate participating in a virtual mobility program in Brazil. Employing a…

The use of VR-based OERs in STEM education has the potential to enhance teaching and learning by making it more immersive and interactive. Despite their increased availability in higher education, there is limited understanding of how these resources support pre-service life science teachers' subject knowledge and pedagogical skills. This study…

A structural evaluation is imperative for developing an effective virtual learning environment. Understanding the extent to which content that has been learned virtually can be applied practically holds particular importance. A group of persons from the technical field of mechanical and plant engineering (N = 13) participated in a virtual operator…

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving emergency procedure. To increase survival rates, it is recommended to increase the number of high school students who know how to perform CPR. We have developed an immersive "Virtual Reality (VR) Resuscitation Training" to train the theoretical knowledge of CPR in which trainees must…

In the April 2018 issue of "TPT," Joseph Amato presented an analysis of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) trajectories as applied to recent test launches from North Korea. Using properties of their elliptical paths, he derived relationships between launch velocity, elevation angle, and maximum range. However, this approach cannot…