The implementation of virtual reality (VR) has gained popularity in the organizational settings in responding to the digital transformation in the era of Industry 4.0. VR offers immersive and authentic experiences for learners through simulated real-life scenarios during training. While the affordances have been widely discussed, there is a need…

Virtual Reality (VR) has been utilized in foreign language education for over 50 years, and it has gone through four distinct stages in foreign language education: Two-dimensional (2D) text-based VR, three-dimensional (3D) desktop-based VR, 3D HMD-based VR, and AI-enhanced 3D HMD-based VR. Drawing on relevant studies and examples, this article…

This article discusses how the term metaverse and the use of virtual worlds is not novel. Beginning with the use of the metaverse for learning starting in the 1990s, the author provides an overview of metaverse, immersion in virtual worlds, their use, and research conducted on them. The article ends with an outline of emerging trends and possible…

There is a knowledge gap in tracing and analyzing historical records (e.g., annual or bi-annual) of educational technology, particularly, exploring emerging technology trends and their uptake in education. This study addresses this gap by reviewing technology adoption in education, based on bibliometric and content analyses of EDUCAUSE Horizon…

In this single case study, we explored how seven preservice teachers engaged emotionally and cognitively in case-based learning through three Teacher Moments cases to consider and reflect on their teaching practices. A thematic analysis of the transcripts of online case simulation (Teacher Moments) entries, class recordings, questionnaires and…

Virtual reality is a rapidly growing technological innovation that continues to garner attention for use in education. This self-study of two teacher educators spans immersive head-mounted virtual reality implementation from 2014-2023 with middle-grades students, preservice teachers, and adult learners. Empirical data sources include learner…

This mixed-methods study explored the impact of cinematic virtual reality (CVR) on seventh-grade students (n = 66) in a school library. The research was comprised of two phases, integrating data from questionnaires and student/teacher interviews. The study focused on "The Displaced," a documentary about child refugees, presented in two…

The use of XR, which encompasses Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) has evolved rapidly in higher education (HE), driven by advancements in technology and the increasing recognition of its potential to enhance learning experiences. This systematic review provides unique findings with an up-to-date examination of…

This study investigates the effects of Virtual Reality (VR) on enhancing English vocabulary acquisition among senior learners, focusing on gender differences and user perceptions. A total of 36 participants (24 females, 12 males) aged 65 and above engaged in a five-week VR-based learning program using the 720° VR Shulin Public Market Guiding…

Most research on virtual reality (VR) for learning has focused on young populations in formal learning contexts. Little research has been conducted on how adults engage in informal learning using VR. This study examined adults' informal learning experiences in high-immersion VR, focusing on the aspects of VR they enjoyed and the challenges they…

Pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that help facilitate learning in a virtual or mixed-reality setting. The research on pedagogical agents has shifted focus since their creation, from understanding their underlying principles, identifying their potential roles and usage, and recently finetuning their design for applied practice. This…

As augmented, virtual and mixed reality have become more user-friendly and affordable, these technologies gained increasing interest from education. Teachers all over the world are triggered by the perceived benefits and start experimenting. However, teachers encounter obstacles to pursue effective implementation. This paper describes how these…

Virtual reality (VR) in education has tremendous potential in providing immersive and interactive experiences for students. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) technologies and IVR learning experiences have been increasingly used in education settings to support a variety of instructional methods and outcomes by providing experiential and authentic…

This study examines the pedagogical decision-making of teacher candidates in virtual reality (VR) environments, focusing on instructional strategies, spatial interactions, and associated challenges. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, class recordings and debriefing interviews with five U.S.-based teacher candidates were analyzed, and…

Virtual reality (VR) can be beneficial for learning and for increasing learners' engagement and motivation. However, aggregations of studies on language learning in high-immersion VR are scarce. This paper offers a systematic review of existing research on VR-based language learning, encompassing 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and…