Research in experimental and developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience suggests that tool fluency depends on the merging of perceptual and motor aspects of its use, an achievement the authors call "perceptuomotor integration." Just as expertise in playing a piano relies on the interanimation of finger movements and…

The LOGO programing of 30 ninth graders was analyzed from 3 theoretical perspectives: the van Hiele levels, the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes taxonomy, and Skemp's model of mathematical understanding. Results indicate that success in LOGO programing appears necessary but insufficient for success with the geometric aspects of the analyzed…

During the first 12 weeks of an applied calculus course, two classes of college students studied calculus concepts using graphical and symbol-manipulation computer programs to perform routine manipulations. Three weeks were spent on skill development. Students showed better understanding of concepts and performed almost as well on routine skills.…