This research set out to enhance our understanding of the exam techniques and types of written annotations or markings that learners may wish to use to support their thinking when taking digital multiple-choice exams. Additionally, we aimed to further explore issues around the factors that contribute to learners writing less rough work and…

Driven by technological innovations, continuous digital expansion has transformed fundamentally the landscape of modern higher education, leading to discussions about evaluation techniques. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence raises questions about reliability and academic honesty regarding multiple-choice assessments in online…

The growth of computer-based testing over the last two decades has motivated the creation of innovative item formats. It is often argued that technology-enhanced items (TEIs) provide better measurement of test-takers' knowledge, skills, and abilities by increasing the authenticity of tasks presented to test-takers (Sireci & Zenisky, 2006).…

This study examines the online assessment-evaluation activities in distance education processes. The effects of different online exam application styles considering the online assessment-evaluation in distance education processes, including all programs of a higher education institution, were documented. The population for online…

Learning experience designers consistently balance the trade-off between open and close-ended activities. The growth and scalability of Computer Based Learning Platforms (CBLPs) have only magnified the importance of these design trade-offs. CBLPs often utilize close-ended activities (i.e. Multiple-Choice Questions [MCQs]) due to feasibility…

We developed the Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy (PIQL) to assess students' quantitative reasoning in introductory physics contexts. The PIQL includes several "multiple-choice-multipleresponse" (MCMR) items (i.e., multiple-choice questions for which more than one response may be selected) as well as traditional single-response…

Language assessment is increasingly computermediated. This development presents opportunities with new task formats and equally a need for renewed scrutiny of established conventions. Recent recommendations to increase integrated skills assessment in lecture comprehension tests is premised on empirical research that demonstrates enhanced construct…

Unlike the traditional multiple-choice (MC) format, the discrete-option multiple-choice (DOMC) format does not necessarily reveal all answer options to an examinee. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the reduced exposure of item content affects test security. We conducted an experiment in which participants were allowed to view…

Purpose: Researchers discovered that when students were given the opportunity to change their answers, a majority changed their responses from incorrect to correct, and this change often increased the overall test results. What prompts students to modify their answers? This study aims to examine the modification of scientific reasoning test, with…

Technology use is increasing in higher education, particularly for test administration. In this study, Capaldi's (1994) sequential theory, which postulates that the specific order of reinforcements and nonreinforcements influences persistence in the face of difficulty or failure, was applied to online multiple choice testing situations in regard…

The current study examined the relationship between test-taker cognition and psychometric item properties in multiple-selection multiple-choice and grid items. In a study with content-equivalent mathematics items in alternative item formats, adult participants' tendency to respond to an item was affected by the presence of a grid and variations of…

This quasi-experimental study explored how different online exam types differentiate learners' academic achievement and perceived learning. The participants comprised 95 undergraduate students enrolled in an English course at a Turkish university in three groups, each taking a different type of quiz: with multiple-choice, open-ended, and mixed…

The emergency transition to online learning due to COVID-19 has forced many sectors to respond quickly. The readiness of educational institutes to attend to the abrupt crisis and shift to teach remotely is practiced at different levels. Online assessment is one of them. Rapid advances in technology and software applications are changing the…

Computer-aided assessment is an important tool that reduces the workload of teachers and increases the efficiency of their work. The multiple-choice test is considered to be one of the most common forms of computer-aided testing and its application for mid-term has indisputable advantages. For the purposes of a high-quality and responsible…

This study explores vocabulary assessment practices in Saudi Arabia's hybrid EFL ecosystem, leveraging platforms like Blackboard and Google Forms. The focus is on identifying prevalent test formats and evaluating their alignment with modern pedagogical goals. To classify vocabulary assessment formats in hybridized EFL contexts and recommend the…