Students with disabilities often struggle with grade-level mathematics without appropriate support and accommodations. This study compared the performance of middle school students with disabilities on computational-based mathematics assessments when they had access to calculators and when they did not. Using a single-case ABAB design, data were…

This paper reports the results from a study which explored the influence of condition (access to four-function calculator, access to graphing calculator with instructional exposure, and access to graphing calculator without instructional exposure) on the mathematical performance of students with and without a disability. The results were analyzed…

Research in the area of elementary mathematics has been limited in recent years. Direct instruction methods, including drill tasks, have been recommended for elementary students who have mathematics difficulties. This project involves two studies that examined the effectiveness of a specific direct instruction intervention, Folding-In, on the math…

Fourth-grade students (n=45) either with or without learning disabilities and achieving or not achieving at grade level in math were asked to explain strategies used to solve computational problems. Strategies were classified as reproductive or reconstructive (which varied in applicability and efficiency). Significant group differences were found.…

The performance of 76 students (ages 10 to 15) with learning disabilities on four tasks of arithmetic computation within each of the four basic operations was examined. Tasks varied in difficulty level and number of strokes needed to complete all items. Intercorrelations between task sets and operations were examined as was the use of…

This study examined the performance of one hundred thirty-one fifth graders on timed versus untimed mathematics tests. Measures of math fluency and calculation were administered. Low achieving students performed poorly on both calculation and math fluency. Normally achieving children performed within the average range on both calculation and math…