A technique for doing long division without the usual estimation difficulty is presented. It uses multiples of 2 combined with a recording technique. (MNS)

Early calculating methods and devices are discussed. These include finger products, the abacus, ancient multiplication algorithms, Napier's bones, and monograms. (MP)

Possible ways of mechanization for counting using a binary system are discussed. Shows a binary representation of the numbers and geometric models having eight triples of lamps. Provides three problem sets. (YP)

Adapts Stanic and McKillip's ideas for the use of developmental algorithms to propose that the present emphasis on symbolic manipulation should be tempered with an emphasis on the conceptual understanding of the mathematics underlying the algorithm. Uses examples from the areas of numeric computation, algebraic manipulation, and equation solving…