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Mazzocco, Michèle M. M.; Chan, Jenny Yun-Chen; Bye, Jeffrey K.; Padrutt, Emily R.; Praus-Singh, Taylor; Lukowski, Sarah; Brown, Ethan; Olson, Rachel E. – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2020
Children's spontaneous focus on numerosity (SFON) is described as an unprompted tendency that is stable across contexts. The attention to number task (AtN), an experimental forced-choice picture-matching task designed to evaluate select aspects of children's focus on numerosity, may reveal whether task materials can implicitly prompt children to…
Descriptors: Numeracy, Mathematics Skills, Adults, Attention
Woodruff, David; Traynor, Anne; Cui, Zhongmin; Fang, Yu – ACT, Inc., 2013
Professional standards for educational testing recommend that both the overall standard error of measurement and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) be computed on the score scale used to report scores to examinees. Several methods have been developed to compute scale score CSEMs. This paper compares three methods, based on…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Error of Measurement, Scores, Scaling
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Ip, Edward Hak-Sing; Chen, Shyh-Huei – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2012
The problem of fitting unidimensional item-response models to potentially multidimensional data has been extensively studied. The focus of this article is on response data that contains a major dimension of interest but that may also contain minor nuisance dimensions. Because fitting a unidimensional model to multidimensional data results in…
Descriptors: Measurement, Item Response Theory, Scores, Computation
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Blume, Grant H.; Long, Mark C. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2014
Affirmative action in college admissions was effectively banned in Texas by the Hopwood ruling in 1997, by voter referenda in California and Washington in 1996 and 1998, and by administrative decisions in Florida in 1999. The "Hopwood" and "Johnson" rulings also had possible applicability to public colleges throughout Alabama,…
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, College Administration, State Legislation, Court Litigation