Both virtual and physical manipulatives are reported as effective learning tools when used with different groups of students in a variety of contexts to learn mathematical content. The use of multiple representations and the flexibility to translate among those representational forms facilitates students' learning and has the potential to deepen…

The challenge of multiple comparisons is to maximize the power for answering specific research questions, while still maintaining control over the rate of Type I error. Several multiple comparison procedures have been suggested to meet this challenge. The stagewise protected procedure (SPP) of A. J. Klockars and G. R. Hancock tests null hypotheses…

Large sample standard errors for the Tucker method of linear equating under the common item nonrandom groups design are derived under normality assumptions as well as under less restrictive assumptions. Standard errors of Tucker equating are estimated using the bootstrap method described by Efron. The results from different methods are compared…

In the design of visual simulation equipment for training systems, one key decision is the nature of the image storage medium to be used. One consideration in this complex issue is the adequacy of the depth cues which can be derived from imagery based on two- rather than three-dimensional sources. Although motion parallax is a relatively minor…

Explains an experiment in text-searching retrieval for cancer questions which developed and used computer procedures (via human simulation) to select search words from medical dictionaries. This study is based on an earlier one in which search words were humanly selected, and the recall results of the two studies are compared. (Author/LRW)

Compared the effectiveness of presenting information on hazardous waste management alternatives during two one-day workshops (on-site visit and simulated slide visit) by using pretest, posttest, and follow-up attitude and comprehension questionnaires. Conclusions and recommendations are presented. (Author/BC)

Growth is estimated most accurately by procedures involving the pretest-posttest difference, and for practical purposes all estimates involving this difference have approximately equal accuracy. In particular, the simple difference between pretest and posttest scores seems about as accurate as any other estimate, easier to compute, and meaningful…

Compares the ages at which infants living under different conditions in two orphanges in Athens, Greece achieve levels of object construction and imitation, both verbal and gestural. Home-reared infants of the same age range were also examined using two of the Uzgiris-Hunt Ordinal Scales of Infant Psychological Development. (WY)

College students (N=217) rated counselor characteristics after viewing a simulated counseling session ending with the counselor summarizing the session, disclosing a past personal problem, disclosing a present personal problem, engaging in self-involving statements, or offering dynamic interpretations. Self-disclosure and self-involving statements…

Presents an overview of frame games developed to provide a content-free instructional structure on which can be loaded locally relevant content. Included are an analysis and comparison of selected games on the basis of eight important characteristics, overall evaluations of selected games, and advantages and disadvantages of frame games. (CMV)

One-parameter (1PPC) and two-parameter partial credit (2PPC) models were compared using real and simulated data with constructed response items present. Results suggest that the more flexible three-parameter logistic-2PPC model combination produces better model fit than the combination of the one-parameter logistic and the 1PPC models. (SLD)

Examined the behavior of item and person statistics from item response theory and classical test theory frameworks through Monte Carlo methods with simulated test data. Findings suggest that item difficulty and person ability estimates are highly comparable for both approaches. (SLD)

Procedures for implementing parallel analysis (PA) criteria in practice were compared, examining regression equation methods that can be used to estimate random data eigenvalues from known values of the sample size and number of variables. More internally accurate methods for determining PA criteria are presented. (SLD)

Simulation techniques were used to generate conventional test responses and track the proportion of alternatives examinees could classify independently before and after taking the test. Finite-state scores were compared with these actual values and with number-correct and formula scores. Finite-state scores proved useful. (TJH)

This simulation investigated two procedures that reduce differences between paper-and-pencil testing and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) by making CAT content sensitive. Results indicate that the price in terms of additional test items of using constrained CAT for content balancing is much smaller than that of using testlets. (SLD)