Two alternatives to the problems of conducting planned and post hoc comparisons in tests of concordance and discordance for G groups of judges are examined. The two models are illustrated using existing data. (Author/JKS)

Sixteen measures of reliability for two-category nominal scales are compared. Upon correcting for chance agreement, there are only five distinct indices: Fleiss's modification of A-sub-1, the phi coefficient, Cohen's kappa, and two intraclass coefficients. Recommendations for choosing an agreement index are made based on definitions, magnitude,…

A method based on the likelihood ratio procedure is presented for use in selecting a measurement model from among the Rasch, two-parameter, and three-parameter logistic latent trait models. (Author/BW)

Detailed reanalyses of data reported in Studies in Educational Evaluation: Monograph No. 1 by Y. Kashti and Monograph No. 5 by U. Kattmann, 1979, were performed using an explicitly structurally oriented approach via target analysis (PINDIS). Results contradict those reached by Kashti and Kattmann. (RL)

Linear equating methods for the common-item non-equivalent populations design were compared when true-score correlation between the test and anchor was less than unity. Scores from two groups of approximately 300 examinees illustrated three methods: (1) the Tucker equating method; (2) the Angoff-Levine method; and (3) the Congeneric-Levine method.…

Arguments by J. Levin (1988) challenging the convergence properties of the Harman and Jones (1966) method of Minres factor analysis are shown to be invalid. Claims about the invalidity of a rank-one version of the Harman and Jones method are also refuted. (TJH)

Test data generated according to two different multidimensional item response theory (IRT) models were compared at both the item response level and the test score level to determine whether measurable differences between the models could be detected when the data sets were constrained to be equivalent in terms of item "p"-values. The…

Two-stage sampling procedures for comparing two population means when variances are heterogeneous have been developed by D. G. Chapman (1950) and B. K. Ghosh (1975). Both procedures assume sampling from populations that are normally distributed. The present study reports on the effect that sampling from non-normal distributions has on Type I error…

An exploratory study of the value of ridge regression for interactive models is reported. Assuming that the linear terms in a simple interactive model are centered to eliminate non-essential multicollinearity, a variety of common models, representing both ordinal and disordinal interactions, are shown to have "orientations" that are…

In this paper the mathematical structures of Bourbaki, the Piagetian developmental structures, and Polya's heuristic structures are compared. (SD)

A class of tests for normality using the ratio of two estimates of the standard deviation is generalized to provide a class of tests for multivariate normality using a characterization of the multivariate normal. The posers of some of the tests are examined numerically and compared with the power of a recent similar test. (Author)

Although analysis of variance is the most popular statistical tool to researchers in the behavioral sciences, the casual user has recognized only recently that there is no single correct way to perform such an analysis. This paper is concerned with hypotheses tested in the two-way, fixed model under a variety of conditions: (1) with and without…

Finding and interpreting lower bounds for reliability coefficients for tests with nonhomogenous items has been a problem for psychometricians. This paper presents a mathematical formula for finding the greatest lower bound for such a coefficient. (Author/JKS)

A model to calculate the costs of automated cataloging systems based on cataloging copy in a system's data base is developed. The costs derived by the model for two systems, OCLC and BALLOTS, are compared to the costs of an existing manual system. (Author/KP)

A common functional relationship among Lotka's law, Bradford's law, and Zipf's law is derived. The proof takes explicit account of the sequences of observed values of the variables by means of an index. This approach results in a more realistic and precise formulation of each law. (Author/EM)