Investigates Korean and U.S. college students' scientific reasoning skills involving hypothesis-testing skills and tests the hypothesis that hypothesis-testing skills are more advanced than other scientific reasoning skills. The study involves (n=774) Korean and (n=568) U.S. students and uses the Test of Scientific Reasoning (TSR). (Contains 24…

A model is presented for multiple pairwise comparisons of selected categories (cells) of a contingency table after the chi-square test has rejected the null hypothesis of equality of population proportions. The model determines which, if any, pairwise proportions have led to the rejection. (SLD)

Demonstrates the use of the well-known Bayes factor in the Bayesian literature for hypothesis testing and model comparison in general two-level structural equation models. Shows that the proposed method is flexible and can be applied to situations with a wide variety of nonnested models. (SLD)

The authors examined siblings' dyadic and differential conflict frequency with mothers and fathers from 7 to 19 years of age. Participants were first- and second-borns from 201 families who reported their conflict with each parent in 4 home interviews spaced over 5 years. Multilevel models examining trajectories of conflict frequency across age…

Neurological and behavioral findings indicate that atypical auditory processing characterizes autism. The present study tested the hypothesis that auditory processing is less domain-specific in autism than in typical development. Participants with autism and controls completed a pitch sequence discrimination task in which same/different judgments…

The research is to understand the historical sociopolitical context of the emergence of school choice, more specifically magnet schools, and the consequences of this choice on student enrollment patterns. The approach is a critical examination of Neoliberalism as an ideology and polarizing sociopolitical movement and the intersection of this…

The purpose of this study was to identify the nonacademic reasons that preclude African American males from enrolling in college after high school completion. The examination of this study evolved as a result of an abundance of African American males choosing not to enroll in college after completing high school. A mixed-methods research design…

The Cochran Q and the Minimum X sub one squared statistics are two ways to test a hypothesis of equivalent correlated proportions. This study investigated the small sample properties of Q and X sub one squared by Monte Carlo methods. The observed distributions were compared for their rates of covergence to the limiting theoretical X sub one…

A general statistical model for the multivariate analysis of mean and covariance structures is described. Matrix calculus is used to develop the statistical aspects of one new special case in detail. This special case separates the confounding of principal components and factor analysis. (DEP)

Suppose P to the subpower of 1 and P to the subpower of 2 are two competing discrimination procedures. To compare the relative discriminatory power of both procedures, test statistics are suggested for the hypothesis that P to the subpower of 1 and P to the subpower of 2 performed no better than random assignment versus the alternative that P to…

The Dunnett procedure for comparing several treatment means with a control is applied to the problem of comparing several treatment variances with the variance of a control. Appropriate critical values are specified and an example is provided. (Author)

Two forms of naturalistic evaluation have appeared within the past decade: (1) a collection of qualitative techniques that are complimentary with conventional quantitative methods; and (2) an alternative paradigm that emphasizes the negotiation of multiple socially constructed realities, interdependence of facts and values, and the emergent…

Investigates potential causes of decrements in children's understanding of the words "big" and "tall" by comparing results of studies of English-speaking children and results of a study of Arabic-speaking children. (Author/RH)