Interviews conducted in 1970 and 1971 with women university students (N=36) and women registered with the state department of employment (N=44) indicated that compared to married women, single women who did not have direct experience in the traditional female role held opinions which tended to idealize that role orientation. (Author)

Examined conceptions of emerging adulthood among Argentinians in their middle twenties. Found wide support for individualistic criteria for adulthood, but also criteria suggesting more collectivistic values. Identified gender, social class origin, and educational attainment differences. Concluded that emerging adulthood is a distinct developmental…

Examined the effect of socially ambiguous information on behavioral and trait perception. White children and black children were shown drawings of white characters and black characters whose behavior could be interpreted positively or negatively. Results provided evidence that race affects the manner in which behavior is interpreted in ambiguous…

Surveyed practices of 3,595 kindergarten teachers related to transition into kindergarten and implementation barriers. Found that in-person contacts with children/families were among those used least often. Most frequent were practices taking place after start of school and/or involving low-intensity, generic contact. School location and…

Data from five first-place orations from the earliest Interstate Oratorical contests (1874-1878) and five recent first-place orations (1978-1982) were analyzed to determine their subjects or prominent theme, the patterns of organization that were employed, and the types of evidence the speakers used. Following this, historical conclusions were…

The single most reliable finding in the literature on depression is that women are more likely than men to report and show signs of depressive symptomatology. A distribution of depression scores was analyzed for community women as a function of two factors: employment status, i.e., housewives versus employed women, and social class. The…

In distinguishing the characteristics of message systems, it was found that middle-class messages were generally more difficult to predict while working-class systems were more predictable and stereotyped. (Author/MB)

Kohlberg's moral dilemmas were used to determine levels of moral reasoning among 115 adolescents representing urban middle class and lower class, kibbutz-born and Youth Aliyah (disadvantaged urban youth educated in the kibbutz), Moslem and Christian groups in Israel. (Author/DB)

Compares differences between adolescent and older mothers on tests of infant motor, cognitive, social and language development; and first- and second-year abilities. Older mothers were better at predicting emergence of infant behaviors and first-year behaviors. There was no difference between groups in predicting second-year behaviors. (Author/BB)

Examined the relationships between individual psychological characteristic, social contextual levels of family and culture, and mathematics performance in young adolescents. Found that scholastic ability perception is associated with the mathematics performance of students and that, at different levels of the social context, young adolescents'…

Examined role of social class in shaping contours of U.S. white and African American childhoods. Found that middle-class 7- to 10-year-old boys spent time in adult-organized activities stressing public performance and skill development, similar to their school activities, and paralleling the nature of their parents' work. Found working-class…

Israeli children of Jewish parents from Europe and America had higher average achievement test scores than did the children of Jewish fathers from Africa and Asia outside of Israel. The difference in means between the two groups did not increase between grade four and grade six. (CTM)

Scores on the Parental Attitudes Research Instrument and on Rotter's Internality-Externality Scale were compared for 28 lower class black mothers of high risk infants and 34 mothers of same-age infants from the general population of a Southern University town. (GO)

Provides data on behavioral problems and competencies, identifies differences related to demographic variables, and compares normal children and those referred for professional help. Parents' responses to Child Behavior Checklist items reveal significant differences in socioeconomic status, children's age and referral status. Behavioral problems…

Describes two segregation indices, the index used by Stephen Gorard and John Fitz when examining the segregation of students eligible for free meals in Wales and England, and a version of the index of isolation. Uses both methods to present social segregation data in English Welsh secondary schools (1994-1999). (CMK)